This can produce increased, hypertonic uterine contractions, possibly prolonged, resulting in a number of adverse reactions such as cervical laceration, postpartum hemorrhage, pelvic hematoma, and uterine rupture. Oxytocin-induced afibrinogenemia has been reported; it results in increased postpartum bleeding and can potentially be life-threatening. Neonatal retinal hemorrhage has been reported. Also, intracranial bleeding including subarachnoid hemorrhage has been reported in patients receiving oxytocin.
Adverse maternal cardiovascular effects from oxytocin may include arrhythmia exacerbation, premature ventricular contractions PVCs , and hypertension. In the fetus or neonate, fetal bradycardia, PVCs, and other arrhythmias have been noted. For example, water intoxication with seizures and coma has occurred in association with a slow oxytocin infusion over a hour period.
Management of water intoxication includes immediate oxytocin cessation and supportive therapy. In the fetus or neonate, fetal death, permanent CNS or brain damage, and neonatal seizures have been noted with oxytocin. Oxytocin administration has been associated with anaphylactoid reactions. Oxytocin-induced labor has been implicated in an increased incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, about 1. This can lead to neonatal jaundice.
Nausea and vomiting have been noted with oxytoxin. Side effects that you should report to your doctor or health care professional as soon as possible:. Side effects that usually do not require medical attention report to your doctor or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome :.
This list may not include all possible adverse reactions or side effects. Oxytocin Nasal Spray. Mechanism of Action Synthetic oxytocin elicits the same pharmacological response produced by endogenous oxytocin, with cervical dilation, parity, and gestational age as predictors of the dose response to oxytocin administration for labor stimulation.
Pharmacokinetics Oxytocin administered effectively by parenteral injection or nasal inhalation. Pregnancy Oxytocin is indicated during pregnancy to induce labor; it precipitates uterine contractions and abortion.
Do not take this medicine with any of the following medications: Ephedra, Ma Huang This medicine may also interact with the following medications: dinoprostone, prostaglandin E2 medicines for blood pressure medicines used for sleep during surgery other medicines to contract the uterus This list may not describe all possible interactions. Do not freeze. Protect from light. Keep all medicine out of the reach of children. Throw away any medicine after the beyond use date.
Do not flush unused medications or pour down a sink or drain. Neural oxytocinergic systems as genomic targets for hormones and as modulators of hormone-dependent behaviors. Results Probl Cell Differ ; Plasma oxytocin levels in autistic children.
Biol Psychiatry ; Induction of labor. Mangesi L, Dowswell T. These levels lasted for a minimum of six months. Sexual activity also stimulates oxytocin release, and it seems to have a role in erection and orgasm. While the reason for this is not entirely known, in women, it may be that enhanced uterine mobility may assist sperm in reaching their destination. Some believe that there is a correlation between oxytocin concentration and the intensity of orgasm.
Oxytocin appears to influence social interactions as well as relationships between individuals. Upon entering the blood supply, it impacts the uterus and lactation. However, when it is released into specific areas of the brain, it can affect cognitive, emotional, and social behaviors. Brain oxytocin also seems to reduce stress responses, such as anxiety. These effects have been observed in various species. The hormone has been referred to as a vital element of a complex neurochemical system that enables the body to adapt to highly emotive circumstances.
Researchers have been able to observe the effect of oxytocin on behavior by delivering it through a nasal spray. Research published in in Psychopharmacology found that intranasal oxytocin enhanced self-perception in social settings and increased qualities such as trust, warmth, openness, and altruism in an individual. In a study published in the journal Emotion in , researchers suggested that individuals saw facial expressions of emotions in others more acutely after receiving oxytocin through a nasal spray.
Oxytocin has been proposed as a possible treatment of autism, social phobia, as well as postpartum depression. Endogenous oxytocin is involved in the process of lactation and therefore, oxytocin has been used in mothers having difficulty with engorgement and breast feeding.
Because several small studies have failed to show a beneficial effect, oxytocin is not used for this indication. Oxytocin is excreted in breast milk, but is not expected to have adverse effects in the infant. Oxytocin has been studied for sexual dysfunction in premenopausal and postmenopausal women and couples identified as 65 years of age or older.
Specific guidelines for dosage adjustments in renal and hepatic impairments are not available; it appears that no dosage adjustments are needed. All content found on this drug info sheet, including: text, images, audio, or other formats were created for informational purposes only.
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Please click here if you are not redirected within a few seconds. Oxytocin Nasal Spray. Esch T, Stefano GB. The Neurobiology of Love. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. PMID: Levin, R. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 3: Marjan Khajehei, Elmira Behroozpour Endorphins, oxytocin, sexuality and romantic relationships: An understudied area.
World J Obstet Gynecol. Oxytocin and social functioning. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. Oxytocin levels in social anxiety disorder. CNS Neurosci Ther. Marazziti D.
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